动词和短语动词
i.动词的分类
根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:
1.行为动词(实义动词)
①及物动词:带宾语的动词
②不及物动词:不带宾语的动词
注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词
it is important for you to learn how to learn.
第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。
不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。
he is working hard at english.
③状态动词(相对静止):contain, exist, own, prefer, belong
④动作动词:延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)
2.系动词
①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound
②表示状态的变化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow
③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay
注意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。
请看下列这道选择题: __good,the food has been sold out.
a.tasted b.having been tasted c.tasting d.to taste
本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话,就会误选a或b。其实taste在本句中是连系动
词,应该选c才对=because the food tastes good,…
3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语):be(am,is,are),do(does,d